The effect of maternal smoking on low birth weight in Kogi State
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- NGN 5000
Background of the Study
Maternal smoking during pregnancy is a well-documented risk factor for adverse pregnancy outcomes, including low birth weight (LBW), preterm birth, and fetal developmental issues (Adamu et al., 2023). Low birth weight, defined as a weight of less than 2,500 grams at birth, is associated with an increased risk of infant mortality, developmental delays, and chronic health conditions in later life (Tukur et al., 2024). Smoking during pregnancy has been found to restrict fetal growth, reduce oxygen supply to the fetus, and interfere with placental function, all of which contribute to the likelihood of LBW (Adeyemo et al., 2023).
In Kogi State, maternal smoking is a growing public health concern, with increasing numbers of women of reproductive age engaging in smoking, especially in urban areas. Although smoking rates among pregnant women remain relatively low compared to other risk factors, there are concerns about the potential long-term effects of maternal smoking on the health of newborns in the state (Ibrahim et al., 2024). Studies have shown that maternal smoking rates in Nigeria vary by region, with some areas showing higher levels of smoking among women, which may correlate with higher incidences of LBW (Olofin et al., 2024). However, there is limited research on the specific relationship between maternal smoking and LBW in Kogi State.
This study aims to assess the effect of maternal smoking on the incidence of low birth weight in Kogi State and to explore the underlying mechanisms by which smoking during pregnancy influences birth outcomes. The study will also examine the socio-cultural and environmental factors contributing to smoking behaviors among pregnant women and propose public health strategies for reducing maternal smoking and improving birth outcomes.
Statement of the Problem
The prevalence of low birth weight in Kogi State remains a significant concern, and maternal smoking has been identified as a potential contributing factor. While the effects of smoking on pregnancy outcomes are well documented globally, there is limited data specific to Kogi State. Given the potential impact of smoking on birth weight and infant health, it is essential to investigate the relationship between maternal smoking and low birth weight in this region. Addressing this issue is critical for improving maternal and child health outcomes in Kogi State.
Objectives of the Study
1. To examine the effect of maternal smoking on low birth weight in Kogi State.
2. To identify the socio-cultural and environmental factors that contribute to maternal smoking during pregnancy in Kogi State.
3. To recommend strategies for reducing maternal smoking and improving birth outcomes in Kogi State.
Research Questions
1. What is the effect of maternal smoking on low birth weight in Kogi State?
2. What socio-cultural and environmental factors contribute to maternal smoking during pregnancy in Kogi State?
3. What public health strategies can be implemented to reduce maternal smoking and improve birth outcomes in Kogi State?
Research Hypotheses
1. Maternal smoking is significantly associated with an increased risk of low birth weight in Kogi State.
2. Socio-cultural factors such as peer influence, stress, and lack of smoking cessation programs contribute significantly to maternal smoking during pregnancy in Kogi State.
3. Interventions aimed at reducing maternal smoking will significantly decrease the incidence of low birth weight in Kogi State.
Scope and Limitations of the Study
This study will focus on pregnant women in Kogi State, particularly those in both urban and rural areas. Data will be collected from healthcare facilities, including hospitals and health centers, and through surveys to assess smoking behavior and birth weight outcomes. Limitations may include challenges in collecting accurate self-reported data on smoking behavior, potential biases in reporting LBW rates, and cultural barriers to discussing smoking during pregnancy.
Definitions of Terms
• Maternal Smoking: Smoking of tobacco by a woman during pregnancy, which may include both active and passive (secondhand) smoking.
• Low Birth Weight (LBW): A condition where a newborn weighs less than 2,500 grams at birth, often associated with increased health risks.
• Fetal Growth Restriction: A condition in which a fetus fails to grow at the normal rate during pregnancy, often resulting in low birth weight.
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